Intercoastal drainage is a medical procedure used to remove excess fluid or air that accumulates in the space between the lungs and the chest wall, known as the pleural cavity. It involves the insertion of a chest tube or catheter through the chest wall to drain fluid or air from the pleural space.

What is the use?

• Treatment of Pleural Effusion: Intercoastal drainage is commonly used to drain pleural effusions, which are the buildup of excess fluid in the pleural cavity. This can occur due to various causes, including infections, heart failure, cancer, or trauma. Drainage helps relieve symptoms such as shortness of breath and chest pain.
• Management of Pneumothorax: Intercoastal drainage is essential in the treatment of pneumothorax, which is the accumulation of air in the pleural cavity, leading to lung collapse. The chest tube allows the trapped air to escape, allowing the lung to re-expand and restoring normal breathing function.
• Postoperative Care: Intercoastal drainage may be used after certain surgeries, such as thoracic or cardiac procedures, to prevent the accumulation of fluid or air in the pleural cavity and reduce the risk of complications such as pneumonia or atelectasis.
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Empyema: Intercoastal drainage is often employed in the management of empyema, a condition characterized by the presence of infected fluid (pus) in the pleural cavity. Drainage allows for the removal of infected material and facilitates treatment with antibiotics or further surgical intervention if necessary.
• Thoracic Trauma Management: Intercoastal drainage is crucial in the management of thoracic trauma, such as rib fractures or penetrating injuries, where blood or air may accumulate in the pleural cavity. Drainage helps stabilize the patient and prevent complications such as tension pneumothorax or hemothorax.